If you provide an &optional followed by &key's, does that mean that the &optional becomes required? The examples don't seem to address the case: ((lambda (a &optional (b 3) &key c (d a)) (list a b c d x)) 1 :c 7) Is this an error (i.e. a is bound to 1, b is bound to :c and 7 causes the error), or is a bound to 1, b bound to 3, c to 7 and d to 1. Bob. -------